Synchronizing circuit



p 4, 1956 R. M. SNYDER 2,761,895

v SYNCHRONIZING CIRCUIT Filed NOV 21, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet l 2 5 x 15.75 KC. SINE WAVE OSClLLATOR 4 4 so CYCLE SINGLE SHOT SYNCHRONIZER 7 I FULL WAVE MULTIVIBRATOR GAT ED 3 e RECTIFIER 1% HORIZONTAL J SYNCHRONIZING OUTPUT 3o CYCLE aSIK-JTAREBWAVE |v| RATOR F I G.

60 CYCLE SYNCHRONIZING PULSE TO VERTICAL OSCILLATOR vvvWM/vvvv INVENTOR. F (3.3 ROBERT M. SNYDER ozbc/md, /alt, Mmiwnd, if M ATTORNEYS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov 21, 1952 HIN-- g W8 N QN wn mm in g NN N 0E Ll 9N .rDahDO agar-bum Patented Sept. 4, 1953 SYN CHRONIZING CIRCUIT Application November 21, 1952, Serial No. 321,879 T 16 Claims. (Cl. 178-695) The present invention relates to a synchronizing circuit and particularly to a circuit for obtaining interlace scanning in television systems.

According to conventional practice, interlace scanning is obtained by employing circuitry which achieves an accurately controlled sweep frequency ratio between horizontal and vertical sweep circuits, such as the ratio of 262.5 to 1. In following this method, successful operation depends upon the operation of impulse'counter circuits which establish a precise critical ratio between the output frequencies of the horizontal and vertical sweep circuits.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a scanning method in a television system for obtaining interlace scanning which will eliminate the necessity of maintaining a precise ratio between the output frequencies of the vertical and horizontal sweep circuits. a

It is another object ofthis invention to obtain inter-' lace scanning impulses which are grouped into two distinct sequentially occurring fields or time patterns in which the impulses in one field occur at regularly spaced time intervals and the impulses in the other field occur at similarly spaced intervals but offset in time relation with respect to the impulses of the first field.

It is still another object of this invention to obtain interlace scanning control by the use of a single frequency generating oscillator used to produce two equal alternating frequency outputs which are exactly 180 degrees out of phase and which are alternately translated into groups of horizontal sweep pulses, with the groups spaced apart in time an amount corresponding to the aforementioned 180 degree phase relation.

It is yet another object of this invention'to obtain an interlace scanning circuit for television systems which is simple in design, reliable in in its construction.

Other objects will become apparent as the description proceeds. x

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a synchronizing circuit having horizontal andvertical sweep outputs which vary alternately in time relation to produce interlace sweep. This circuit com prises a stable source of high frequency alternating voltage such as a crystal controlled oscillator which produces two identical outputs 180 degrees out of phase with each other, a full wave gated rectifier coupled to the oscillator, and a stable source of low frequency voltage-such as a multivibrator also having'two outputs 180 degrees out of phase which are fed to said rectifier. The rectifier'and the multivibrator are so arranged that only the positive portions of the two outputs of the oscillator will be alternately conducted through to the. rectifier output in sequential groups.

.To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, my invention may be embodied in the forms illustrated in -theaccompanying drawings,. attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that specific changemay be made in the operation, and economical specific constructions illustrated and described, so long as the scope of the appended claims is not violated.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a synchronizing circuit embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a plot of the waveforms derived from the various stages of the circuit as indicated.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. l, a sine wave oscillator 1 having a suitable degree of frequency stability is provided with two identical signal outputs which are degrees out of phase. These outputs are fed to a full wave gated rectifier 2 which also has fed thereto two identical frequency square wave signals, also 180 degrees out of phase, from a low frequency generating source or multivibrator 3. Typical frequency values for the oscillator 1 and the multivibrator 3 may be 15.75 kc. and 30 cycles per second respectively. A 60 cycle synchronizing voltage is used to synchronize the output signals of the source 3, these being square waves 180 degrees out of phase. A 60.

cycle synchronizing pulse may be taken from this source 3 for the synchronization of the vertical sweep applied to the television camera or picture tube.

The output of the gated rectifier 2 may be fed to a single shot multivibrator 5 or other suitable triggering circuit which responds only to input pulses received from the rectifier 2. a

The output of the multivibrator 5 may be considered as the horizontal synchronizing signal and may be coupled to the usual sweep voltage generating circuits.

Generally speaking, the function of the aforedescribed circuitry is as follows. As illustrated, the sine wave outputs from the oscillator 1, indicated by the reference numerals 6 and 7, respectively, are exactly equal in frequency but 180 degrees out of phase. Similarly, the outputs from the multivibrator 3 are represented by the two waves 8 and 9 which occur at the rate of 30 cycles per second but which are also 180 degrees out of phase.

The rectifier circuit 2 is so arranged as to be conductive only when the square wave outputs 8 and 9 are passing through their respective positive cycles, and is still further arranged so as to conduct through the output of rectifier 2 the positive portions of the sine wave 6 during the period of the positive cycle of square wave 8, and the positive portions of the sine wave 7 during the positive portion of the square Wave 9. Thus, as seen in Fig. 3, a series of positive half sine wave pulses 10 will be produced for the duration of the positive portion of the square wave 8. Then, as the square wave 8 goes negative and the wave 9 goes positive, the positive half cycles of the sine wave 7 are conducted so as to produce the rectifier output 11. Since the sine waves 6 and 7 are exactly 180 degrees out of phase, it is seen that the fields or groups 10 and 11 are spaced 180 degrees apart.

Now, if the pulses in the field 10 are used for the horizontal sweep frequency, a vertical sweep of ,6 of a second will produce a series of vertically spaced horizontal lines having a spacing therebetween corresponding to the frequency as is well known in the art. Since the pulses 11 are spaced 180 degrees out of phase with the pulses 10, the next vertical sweep pulse will serve to produce a similar series of vertically spaced horizontal sweep lines which are ofiset from the previous field of horizontal lines by a space corresponding to a phase diiferential between the pulses 1i! and 11. Stated in other words, a difference in time relation between the pulses 10 and 11 will serve to interlace the scanning for one complete picture frame having a time duration of of a second.

Referring now to Fig. 2, suitable detail circuitry for accomplishing the aforementioned operation is shown.

' 7 ,7 lv z *1 1 v brator circuit 3, this circu tis a o compr sed o t wopu cl-p tent al- .7

' capacitor 31 is amass The oscillator 1 may consists of any well known oscillator havinga good 'degreeoffrequency "stability. 'Asuitable oscillator would be of the crystal controlled variety which is noted for its frequency stability characteristic output of this osciilator is c'oupledfi 12 to a full wave rectifier having trlode grids and 1 6, respectively, of these trr to the-opposite 'endsof the secondary" 7 transformer 12, and the cathotlsilS v nected toe 'gth 'er. nter of the tians'foriher secfo s. Ihe V The" ce ary 17 is connected to ground for a purpose whichfw'ill become apparent'hereaft'en I Since a transform'er'is used to 'couple the he s lat rl he e fi r'll 1 6 S ue s nd- .6- Qfn eeifiey "th wo p s. '13 nd, 1

29 3 5 2 Pj i i ily i i i Referring how't'o thelow' f qu ric'd pa is. a et b, dfiefii 3 A in aw rise t r o. t et hee s itllbes, ill h he same a Iri f. h W

' ia ted with the respective ue -l l V iCgn er ae. he ub lll'p i n fa t, e Q P-d Z caa s t r 5.- 1. he rid.- 2 f ube s o act d t m sh l 3- ores r cou th ap ito and he r groimd- A h d r sisto 28 onnect he ca ho of u e 22 to r u d potent a In th rw tof t. be a h a lili HSlQ capacit r- 3 9 e ann t id; 3. of t e 2 A resistor 33 connects capacitor 31 and grid 32' to ground, A. resistor. 3 on ec s-l he; a h de. 5 f ub 23 to fed throu h tworesistors. 36 and 37, respectively, from a common source :of B-plus potential.

A 6 ,Q cycle low voltage alternating current source is Preferably. connected betweenthe grid 32 and ground to, provide the stabilizing influence for insuring a stabilized 3Q cycle output from the rnultivibrator 3; l

A pair of coupling lines 3.8v and 39 are connected, respectively, to. anodes 24 and '30and also to the rectifier anodes and 21'.

In the) rectifier circuit, a'cathode resistor 49. is cQnnected between the cathodes- 18', 19 and ground; -Another 're-. sistor 41 is coupled between these-cathodes'and the-source of- B-plusi potential. The; output of-the' rectifier, which. feedsthe. single shotmultivibrator 5', may--be"-taken?from: the ends of the cathode resistor 40.

,The' circuit just described inthe' following manner. With reference-toth square wave generator'3', let it be assumed first that the'tube22 isi non-conductive. and' the tube 23- isconductive. 51 In accordance with "the'usual operation of multivibrator circnits dllring this conducting condition, the storage capacitor will betaking on a charge'while the storage capacitor '31is'giving up its charge. As the charge on almostdissipatcdfithe flow o f current through the resistor '33 diminishes and reduces the bias ongrid 32which allows the tube 22 to become'conductive.

Conversely, as the', charge on condensor'25 near's'its'maximuns'value; anegative-potential will beimp'ressed 'on substantially-$g'zfofa second for a complete'cycle.

"Referring "now to the rectifier circuit 2; "each-tinde a 7 positive puls'e'of voltage 8, for example; is fedto'thanmay be: explained as 0136 5 3 I is arranged such that only the positive cycles derived from the oscillator 1 are conducted during the period the positive pulse of wave 8 is fed to the anode 20, and this conduction is characterized by the passage of current through the cathode resistor 40 whichcorresponds to the positive portions of the signal 6. d During thisperiod of conduction,the negative half'cycle of the'wave' 9' is fed to the anode. 21 of the tube 14' thereby disabling the latter-:and making it non-conductive. -The positive -r'ii1l'ses, therefore, of the oscillator which are fed to the-grid ls ofthe'tube 13 may beg-obtained from; the end 4 2 ofi-the resistor iii-and used 'as synchronizing pulses for the succeeding horizontal sweep circuitry.

For the nextcycle of operation wherein the anode 20 is fed a negative pulse and the anode 21 is fed a positive nuls he PQ pu se fed. t thegt dill? b co duste f h ug si or ;0- d app a r he o put Now, since the positive pulses for the two sinewaves ted o the gr s 5 and 1 e p c vely, '89 e re on a rba e it s se n vthat e 'p l e ai d at o p t dur n the, posi v ha ycle of wa e 1 wi lbe dur n h Po tive pet o o square wa -1;

Av c n c i 3 ma be taken rom t ca hode- 2 of the multivibrator t-ubeZZ and used in synchronizing, conventionalthe vertical; sweep: circuits, in the customary manner. Thefrequency of the signal derived from cat ode; l rre p nde synch onizing-sig al app ifi h oi t e-g d 5 nd n the exampleg given will be- 7 to he -used: as} the source-3, other circuits will; of course; I Q Q I itothe person skilledin the. art for obtaining-the V necessary waves 8 of therproper"sh'apeamdduration.

What is claimed-is: 7 l a l 1. A device or the char-a'cterl described comprising an oscillator delivering sinewaves at a predeterminedshorizontal line-scanning frequency; source means delivering square; 1 wavessat a predetermined vertical: field-scanning frequency, a lgeyed rectifier circuit. coupled :to-sa-id oscillator and to said? "means and '-responsive to: said field-E scanning waves to ;only'-the' one4ha1f cycle. portions of? the: oscillator sine waves; means coupled tolsaid: rectifienfor utilizing-said one-half cycle portions rot-generat ing horizontal line's-scanning;- impulses atthe-frequencyof occurrence of said portions, and means-coupled to said source-meansz forobtaining a-signal having a frequen'cy twice that of said field-scanning frequency. a

12.; A: "devicer'of"the character described comprising an oscillaton'deliv'ering=sine?waves at a predetermiued horizontal line-scanningfrequency; sourcel means'idelivering square waves at a predetermined vertical field 'scanni'ngl frequency; akeyed rect-ifier circuitcoupled to :said; oscillator and to said rneansrespon'sive tm said field.

scannin'g'waves to-pass only one half cycleportions of the oscillator sine-waves, andi'means coupled to said rcctifier for utilizing-said one- "halt oycl portions for ge'nerating horizontal line-scanning irnpulses at th'e freque'ncy "ofi '{ocourrence' ofi=said one-half -'cycle' portions. V p

9 3; A- synchronizing circuit-for use in -television systems comprising a first high frequency source voltage for generating ttwo waves which-are -180- 'degrecs out of phase with eachs oth'er; a scond low frequency source of alternating voltage for generating-- two waves which are -'a.lso-180 degrees out offpliase' with each othenf and gatihg circuitmeans symm' "etrically coupled to said first 'and second-'- sources and operative -to 'generate a w' quential'series ofpu1ses corresponding-re the pos'itivopor grees oflset from the pulses obtained at the same place bi alternating fions of said two first source waves by conducting the positive portions of one of said first source waves during only the occurrence of the positive portion of one of said second source waves and then conducting the positive portions of the other of said first source waves during only the occurrence of the positive portion of the other of said second source wave.

4. A synchronizing circuit for use in television systems comprising a first high frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are also 180 degrees out of phase, and a full wave rectifier circuit comprising two space discharge tubes having respectively anode and control grid electrodes, the two first source output circuits being coupled to respective ones of said grid electrodes, the two second source output circuits being coupled to respective ones of said anode electrodes, said tubes being alternately conductive during the respective positive half cycle of said second source signal waves and each conductive tube conducting only the positive half cycle of the first source signal wave.

5. A synchronizing circuit for use in television systems comprising a first hi h frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are also 180 degrees out of phase, and a full wave rectifier circuit comprising two space discharge tubes having respectively anode and control grid electrodes, the two first source output circuits being coupled to respective ones of said grid electrodes, the two second source output circuits being coupled to said anode electrodes, each tube being conductive only during the positive half cycle of the second source signal wave fed thereto, and each instantaneously conductive tube being conductive of the positive half cycle of only the first source signal wave.

6. A synchronizing circuit for use in horizontal sweep circuits in television systems for obtaining interl'ace scanning comprising a first high frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage having two output circuits providing two signal waves which are also 180 degrees out of phase, said second source being operative to provide substantially square wave signals, and a full wave rectifier circuit comprising two space discharge tubes having respectively anode and control grid electrodes, the two first source output circuits being coupled to respective ones of said grid electrodes, the two second source output circuits being coupled to said anode electrodes, said tubes being alternately conductive during the respective positive half cycle of said second source signal waves and each instantaneously conductive tube conducting only the positive half cycle of the first source signal wave fed thereto, whereby two sequentially occurring fields of pulses will be produced for horizontal scanning with the pulses of one field spaced 180 degrees from the pulses of the other field.

7. A synchronizing circuit for use in horizontal sweep circuits in television systems for obtaining interlace scanning comprising a first high frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two signal waves which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two signal Waves which are also 180 degrees out of phase, said second source being operative to provide substantially square wave signals, a full wave rectifier circuit comprising two space discharge tubes having respectively anode and control grid electrodes, said control grid electrodes being coupled to said first source for impressing the two first source signal waves onto said grid electrodes respectively, said anode electrodes being coupled to said second source for impressing the second source signal waves onto said anode electrodes respectively, each tube being conductive only during the positive half cycle of the second source signal wave fed thereto, and each instan; taneously conductive tube being conductive of the positive half cycle of only the first source signal wave fed thereto, whereby two sequentially occurring fields of pulse will be produced with the pulses of one field spaced 180 degrees from the pulses of the other field, and means included in said second source for producing a synchronsignal having a frequency equal to twice that of the second source signals.

8. A synchronizing circuit for use in television systems to obtain interlace scanning comprising a first high frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two signals which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two sginals which are also 180 degrees out of phase, a full wave rectifier circuit comprising two space discharge tubes having respectively anode and control rid electrodes, means coupling said first source to said grids for supplying said two first source signals to said grids respectively, the second source being coupled to said anode electrodes for supplying said two second source signals to said anodes respectively, each tube being conductive only during the positive half cycle or" the second source signal fed thereto, and each conducting tube being conductive of the positive half cycle of only the first source signal fed thereto for producing two sequentially occurring fields of pulses with the pulses of one field spaced in time relation with respect to the pulses of the other field, and signal producing means associated with said second source operative to provide a synchronizing signal having a frequency twice that of the frequency of one of the second source signals, each of said fields occurring during one half cycle of said synchronizing signal.

9. A synchronizing circuit for use in television scanning systems comprising a first high frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two signals which are 180 degrees out of phase, a second low frequency source of alternating voltage operative to produce two signals which are also 180 degrees out of phase, and rectifying means coupled to the said first and second sources and comprising two rectifier sections controlled by respective ones of said first source signals and respective ones of said second source signals, means whereby each section is conductive only during the positive half cycle of the second source signal fed thereto, and each conducting section being conductive of only the positive half cycle of the first source signal fed thereto.

10. An interlace scanning synchronization circuit for use in television systems comprising a high frequency oscillator for generating a sinusoidal signal as a source of horizontal sweep synchronizing voltage, a coupling transformer connected to said oscillator and operative to provide two sinusoidal signals 180 degrees out of phase with each other, a low frequency square wave generator operative to provide two square wave signals which are also 180 degrees out of phase with each other and a vertical sweep synchronizing voltage, a full wave gated rectifier coupled to said transformer and said generator and comprising two space discharge tubes having control grid and anode elements respectively, the grid elements being supplied respective ones of said two transformer signals, the anode elements being supplied respective ones of said two square wave signals, means whereby each tube is conductive only during the positive half cycle of the square wave signal fed thereto, and each conducting tube being conductive of only the positive half cycle of the transformer signal fed thereto, and a coupling circuit included in said rectifier for providing two sequentially occurring horizontal sweep synchronizing fields, each field consisting of a series of pulses corresponding to the positive half cycles of a respective one of said two transformer signals and therp ulses i1r=.successivex fields bcing spaced pa All; imeanamountconrespondingtothe.phasediflen eritial etweenrthe twotransformer, signals: 7

lln-Anrinterlace vscanning synchronization circuit for user-yin television systems comprising a: high irequency oscillator-.forigenerating a signal as a;surce .of horizontal sweepssynchronizing voltage, inductive coupling, means connectedito said oscillator and operative :toprovidetwo signals 180 degrces out ofphase with-ieach other, .a signal source operativertoprovide two square ,wave signalswhich. v arezalsodSO degreesoutofphasewith each other and a vertical sweep synchronizing signah and a. full wave gatedrectifier: coupledato saidindnctivemeanssandv said signal sourcev and comprising two.space..discharge tubes, having-input and..Outputelectrodesrespectively, .the input electrodes being supplied.respectiveones of the two signals oi .said .rneans thee-output .-electrcdes being i suppliedi respectivel. one of: said. twonsquare wave-signals,

means I whereby-1 each-tuberis c0ndnctivei only during the positive-halfcycle of the square. wavelsignal fed thereto,

and; each conducting tube v-being --c0nductive. of. only the a positive half cycleiof one of-thetwoisignalsuof saidmeans,

whereby-two sequentially noccurringafieldszof pulses will be produced with .the pulses of a one field-being .spaced in timerelatiQn-ZIBO degrees from the pulses of the otherfield, said-vertical synchronizing signahhaving a frequency corresponding to the sequential occurrcnce oftwo fields for obtaining synchronized interlacewscanning.

signals.

l2;v Asynchronizing circuit for'rusein television systems. comprising first meansflfor producing two wave trains of identical frequency which areout of phase:with each other, second means forproducing twoalternating waves whicharelSO-degrees out iof -phase with each=other, gating..;

means operatively coupled to bothsaid first and second means, said gatingmeans including first and secondcip cuits, the first circuit being rendered alternately conductive and non-conductive by the alternate half cycles of secondcrmeans said gating i n c n lu ing firstr nd:- secondacircuitsr whicharie :rendered ,oppositelgconductixe and .rnon-conductivecinl response to *saidtwolaltierhating? waves respectively saidtfirstland.seeondscircuitsirectiiy' jg; saidntwot waver/trains.respectively :during,,,the conduct periods thereof; n w

14. A synchromzing circuit for useiinntelevisionrsys r. V

tems, comprising a first source. of unidirectional pulses which are:uniiiormly,spacedv apart; a :second source-of unidirectional pulses of the Q same frequency, and spacing; as said firstrs'ource pulses, saidrfir st andtsecondspulses occurring alternately withvresp ect .to each-other;-circuit;.

1 means for utilizing said; pulses,- and, means-tor; gating;

alternately -a rseries of first: and second ,source; pulses itowf. saidcircuit-means; then-number of ;;pulses in; each series 1 beingsubstantially the sames a A synchr onizing circuit forv :use in rtelevision gsys terns comprising a first-source; of "alternating 'wa- \es-,- ,af

secondsource-of alternating. waves of the-samer frequen as-saidfirst source;-wavesr;but,18.0 degreessoutrofirphasg therewith; and agating circuityoperatively coupled 'to said: first and secondsources-for-pro'ducingfa signal 0E; given frequency which-:is -;less,than ,the-frcquencypf; alternating;.;waves and for rectif-ying 1 in;;tirne.-galt.e rnati on said first-a and; second source waves, the rectification ;,pe-,

' riodlcf the: first; and. secondgsourcewaves-being equals low; frequency sourcesof alternatingmoltage having :two; 7

one of-vsaid alternating :waves, said first circuit rectifying,

one ;of said wave-trains during its conductiveperiod, the second circuit being rendered alternately conductive and non-conductivetby the alternatevhalf'cycles 0f the other ofsaid alternatingwaves, said first and second circuits being alternately conductive, said. second circuit rectifying.

the ,otherof said wavetrains during itsconductive period.

13. A synchronizing circuit for use in television'systerns comprising first means for producing two wave trains of identical frequency which are out of phasewith eaeh= other,- second means :for producing two alternating waves whichare.180degrees out of phase witheach other, gating'means operativelycoupled to both said first and 16; Aisynchronizinggcircuit for use ing televisionrsysarq tems comprising-1a -;firsthigh frequency source-of galiflj'r," nating voltage; having :two output-;circuits-1providingflwo; signaltwavestwhic'hare 118 .0 degrees; out of phase; a; second:

output; circuits providing two; signal, waves j whichyare '12 alsozl idegreessoutrtofzphase, ,anda full wave acct-flier circuit comprising two; e1ectron-zdischarge devices having:

respactivelyselectronacollectingiand controleelectrodesflthestwgr. firstz: source outputrfcircuits's' :b'eing; coupledi toare: spective- :ones: iOf said control electrodes; the-:two: second source output circuits.v beingcoupledto respective s; ones 1 of; said elecn'onecollecting .r electrodes ,vsaid; devices being alternately-conductive; during. theerespectivewpositiveihalitr 7 cycle of said :second source. signal waveswandhieach stantaneouslyconductive-device, c'onductingv'only theposh;a

tive half cycle-of. the =first source signal-:wave 

